History of the automobile

Ah… cars. Modern works of art.This brilliant
work of humans and help of technology has
helped them advance farther than anyone
would have ever imagined. But have you ever
stopped and wondered… how were these
vehicles made, and what was their history?This
presentation lists major advances in cars in
chronological order, back from their beginning
to present day 2016.

18th Century
In 1768, the first steam-powered automobile capable
of human transportation was built by Nicolas-Joseph
Cugnot. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his
his fardier à vapeur ("steam dray"), an experimental
steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770 and 1771.

18th Century
As Cugnot's design proved to be impractical, his
invention was not developed in his native France.The
center of innovation shifted to Great Britain. By 1784,
WilliamMurdoch had built
a working model
of a steam
carriage in
Redruth.

18th and 19th Centuries
The first automobile patent in the United States was
granted to Oliver Evans in 1789, and in 1801 Richard
Trevithick was running a full-sized vehicles on the roads
the roads in Camborne.
RichardTrevithick’s Steam Carriage

19th Century
Among other efforts, in 1815, a professor at Prague
Polytechnic, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car.
steam car. Walter Hancock, builder and operator of
London steam buses, in 1838 built a four-seat steam
phaeton.
Josef Bozek’s Oil-Fired Steam
Walter Hancock’s
Steam Bus

19th Century Engines
The four-stroke petrol (gasoline) internal combustion
engine that constitutes the most prevalent form of
modern automotive propulsion is a creation of Nikolaus
Otto.The similar four-stroke diesel engine was
invented by Rudolf Diesel.The hydrogen fuel cell, one
of the technologies hailed as a replacement for
gasoline as an energy source for many cars, was
discovered in principle by Christian Friedrich Schönbein
in
1838.The battery electric
car owes its beginnings to
Ányos Jedlik, one of the
inventors of the electric
motor, and Gaston Planté,
who invented the lead-acid
Internal
Combustion
Engine

The First Car
In 1807, François Isaac de Rivaz designed the first car
powered by an internal combustion engine fueled by
hydrogen. In 1886, the first petrol or gasoline-powered
automobile, was invented by Karl Benz.This is also
considered to be the first "production" vehicle, as Benz
made several other identical copies.
François Isaac de Rivaz’s Hydrogen
Karl Benz’s
Gas
Powered Car

20th Century
Many vehicles were in vogue for a time, and over the
next decades such innovations as hand brakes, multi-
speed transmissions, and better steering developed.
Automobiles in the late 1800s and early 1900s were
extremely expensive, where only the few extremely
wealthy could afford them. In 1908, Henry Ford
introduced the Ford ModelT, which was affordable to
many middle class families, using the assembly line,
majorly increasing the production rate of cars.
Ford ModelT

20th Century
By 1906, steam car development had advanced, and
they were among the fastest road vehicles in that
period. Steam-powered road vehicles, both cars and
wagons, reached the peak of their development in the
early 1930s with fast-steaming lightweight boilers and
efficient engine designs. Internal combustion engines
also developed greatly during WWI, becoming simpler
to operate and more reliable.The development of
the high-speed diesel engine from 1930 began to
replace them for wagons, accelerated by tax changes
in the UK making steam wagons uneconomic
overnight. Although a few designers continued to1899 Opel Steam Car

20th Century
The vintage era lasted from the end of WorldWar I (1918),
through the Wall Street Crash at the end of 1929. During this
period, the front-engine car came to dominate, with closed
bodies and standardized controls becoming the norm.
Development of the internal combustion engine continued at a
rapid pace, with multi-valve and overhead camshaft engines
produced at the high end, andV8,V12, and evenV16 engines
conceived for the ultra-rich. Also in 1919, hydraulic brakes were
invented by Malcolm Loughead (co-founder of Lockheed); they
were adopted by Duesenberg for their 1921 Model A.Three years
later, Hermann Rieseler of Vulcan Motor invented the first
automatic transmission, which had two-speed planetary
gearbox, torque converter, and lockup clutch; it never entered
production. Just at the end of the vintage era, tempered glass1929 Duesenberg J

20th Century
By the 1930s, most of the mechanical technology used
in today's automobiles had been invented, although
some things were later "re-invented", and credited to
someone else. In 1930, the number of auto
manufacturers declined sharply as the industry
consolidated and matured, thanks in part to the effects
of the Great Depression.
1930 BugattiType 46
1930 Bentley 8
Liter

20th Century
The 1950s saw interest in steam-turbine cars powered
by small nuclear reactors (this was also true of
aircrafts), but the dangers present in nuclear fission
technology soon killed these ideas.
1958 Ford Nucleon
Concept

20th Century
The market changed in the 1960s, as the U.S. "BigThree" (Ford,
Chrysler, and General Motors) automakers began facing
facing competition from imported cars, the European makers
adopted advanced technologies, and Japan emerged as a car-
producing nation. Japanese companies began to export some of
their more popular selling cars in Japan internationally, such as
the Toyota Corolla, Toyota Corona, Nissan Sunny, and Nissan
Bluebird in the mid-1960s.The successAmerican Motors'
Motors' compact-sized Rambler models spurred GM and Ford to
introduce their own downsized cars in 1960. Performance
engines became a focus of marketing by U.S. automakers,
exemplified by the era's muscle cars. In 1964, the Ford
Mustang developed a new market segment, the pony car. New
1960 Ferrari 250G

20th Century
The 1970s were turbulent years for automakers and
buyers with major events reshaping the industry such
as the 1973 Oil Crisis, stricter automobile emissions
control and safety requirements, increasing exports by
the Japanese and European automakers, as well as
growth in inflation and the stagnant economic
conditions in many nations. Smaller-sized grew in
popularity.The station wagons (estate, break, kombi,
universal) body
design was
popular, as well as
increasing sales of
non-commercial
all-wheel drive off- 1970 Ford LTD

20th Century
To the end of the 20th century, the U.S. BigThree (GM,
Ford, and Chrysler) partially lost their leading position,
position, Japan became for a while the world's leader
of car production and cars began to be mass
manufactured in new Asian, East European, and other
countries.
1990 Jaguar XJS
1990 Porsche 964Turbo

20th Century
The modern era is normally defined as the 25 years
preceding the current year. However, there are some
technical and design aspects that differentiate modern
cars from antiques.The modern era has been one of
increasing standardization, platform sharing, and
computer-aided design. Some particular
contemporary developments are the proliferation of
front- and all-wheel drive, the adoption of the diesel
engine, and the ubiquity of fuel injection. Most modern
passenger cars are front-wheel-drive, with transversely
mounted engines.
2016 Corvette Z07
2005-2006 Ford
GT

20th Century
Body styles have changed as well in the modern era.
Three types, the hatchback, sedan, and sport utility
vehicle, dominate today's market.The modern era has
also seen rapidly rising fuel efficiency and engine
output.The automobile emissions concerns have been
eased with computerized engine management
systems. Hybrids and electric cars have also risen in
popularity.
Nissan GT-R
(background) Tesla

20th Century
Since the end of the 20th century, several award competitions
of cars and trucks have become widely known, such as European
Car of theYear, Car of theYear Japan, North American Car of the
Car of theYear, World Car of theYear, Truck of theYear, and

History of the automobile

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