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Mark Zuckerberg poses for a portrait in 2019.
Mark Zuckerberg poses for a portrait in 2019.
Jessica Chou/The New York Times/Redux
U.S.

In pictures: Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg

Updated 7:20 PM EST, Wed January 31, 2024
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Mark Zuckerberg went from being a college dropout to one of the world's richest and most influential men, presiding over a sprawling social media empire with an almost unprecedented global reach.

As the CEO of Meta, Zuckerberg controls the direction of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, each of which reaches billions of users and plays crucial roles in how people around the world find information and interact with each other online.

Zuckerberg famously dropped out of Harvard University to focus on building Facebook, the social networking site he co-founded in his dorm room in 2004. Zuckerberg's later acquisition of rivals such as Instagram and WhatsApp further cemented his company's position as the dominant force in the social media industry.

In the process, however, Zuckerberg and his company have faced prolonged scrutiny both for alleged tactics to maintain Meta's dominance in the market and for the impact its apps have on society.

Meta has come under fire for data privacy issues as well as not doing enough to prevent the spread of misinformation and election meddling. In 2021, leaked documents from a Facebook whistleblower forced a public reckoning over Instagram's potential negative impact on younger users.

Meta and Zuckerberg recently released Threads, a rival to Twitter. The app topped 100 million sign-ups in less than a week, fueled in part by dissatisfaction with Twitter under owner Elon Musk.

Zuckerberg, seen here at the age of 8, was raised in Dobbs Ferry, New York, just outside New York City. His father, Edward, is a dentist, and his mother, Karen, is a psychiatrist.
Zuckerberg, seen here at the age of 8, was raised in Dobbs Ferry, New York, just outside New York City. His father, Edward, is a dentist, and his mother, Karen, is a psychiatrist.
Archivio GBB/Contrasto/Redux
Zuckerberg, left, and Facebook co-creator Chris Hughes work on computers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in May 2004. This was a few months after they launched Facebook from Zuckerberg's dorm room.
Zuckerberg, left, and Facebook co-creator Chris Hughes work on computers at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in May 2004. This was a few months after they launched Facebook from Zuckerberg's dorm room.
Rick Friedman/Corbis/Getty Images
Zuckerberg, far left, attends a panel at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in January 2007. With him, from left, are Flickr co-founder Caterina Fake, Orange CEO Sanjiv Ahuja, Reuters CEO Thomas Glocer and Kapor Enterprises President Mitchell Kapor.
Zuckerberg, far left, attends a panel at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in January 2007. With him, from left, are Flickr co-founder Caterina Fake, Orange CEO Sanjiv Ahuja, Reuters CEO Thomas Glocer and Kapor Enterprises President Mitchell Kapor.
Michael Probst/AP
Zuckerberg stands outside his office in Palo Alto, California, in February 2007.
Zuckerberg stands outside his office in Palo Alto, California, in February 2007.
Paul Sakuma/AP
Zuckerberg delivers the opening keynote address at the F8 Developer Conference in San Francisco in April 2010.
Zuckerberg delivers the opening keynote address at the F8 Developer Conference in San Francisco in April 2010.
Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
Zuckerberg watches Facebook employee Ben Gertzfield strike a ceremonial gong, used when a new product is launched, during a news conference at Facebook headquarters in August 2010. Zuckerberg was announcing the launch of Facebook Places, an application that allows Facebook users to document places they have visited.
Zuckerberg watches Facebook employee Ben Gertzfield strike a ceremonial gong, used when a new product is launched, during a news conference at Facebook headquarters in August 2010. Zuckerberg was announcing the launch of Facebook Places, an application that allows Facebook users to document places they have visited.
Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
Zuckerberg and Facebook Groups product manager Justin Shaffer are reflected in a laptop at the end of a Facebook news conference in October 2010. Zuckerberg had announced three new features, including a new way to form groups.
Zuckerberg and Facebook Groups product manager Justin Shaffer are reflected in a laptop at the end of a Facebook news conference in October 2010. Zuckerberg had announced three new features, including a new way to form groups.
Lea Suzuki/The San Francisco Chronicle/Getty Images
Zuckerberg walks on stage during his induction ceremony for the California Hall of Fame in December 2010. That month, he also signed the Giving Pledge, a public pledge to give away the majority of his wealth to philanthropic causes.
Zuckerberg walks on stage during his induction ceremony for the California Hall of Fame in December 2010. That month, he also signed the Giving Pledge, a public pledge to give away the majority of his wealth to philanthropic causes.
Hector Amezcua/Pool/Reuters
From left, Zuckerberg, Jesse Eisenberg and Andy Samberg appear on a "Saturday Night Live" episode in January 2011. Eisenberg portrayed Zuckerberg in the 2010 film "The Social Network."
From left, Zuckerberg, Jesse Eisenberg and Andy Samberg appear on a "Saturday Night Live" episode in January 2011. Eisenberg portrayed Zuckerberg in the 2010 film "The Social Network."
Dana Edelson/NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal/Getty Images
Zuckerberg joins President Barack Obama on stage as Obama speaks at a town-hall meeting at Facebook's headquarters in April 2011.
Zuckerberg joins President Barack Obama on stage as Obama speaks at a town-hall meeting at Facebook's headquarters in April 2011.
Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images
Zuckerberg attends a roundtable session at the G8 Summit in Deauville, France, in May 2011.
Zuckerberg attends a roundtable session at the G8 Summit in Deauville, France, in May 2011.
Philippe Wojazer/Reuters
German Chancellor Angela Merkel speaks with Zuckerberg and Google CEO Eric Schmidt at the G8 Summit in May 2011.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel speaks with Zuckerberg and Google CEO Eric Schmidt at the G8 Summit in May 2011.
Philippe Wojazer/Reuters
Zuckerberg speaks at the F8 Developers Conference in San Francisco in September 2011. He was unveiling new features that would let Facebook users share music, movies and TV shows through the social network's website.
Zuckerberg speaks at the F8 Developers Conference in San Francisco in September 2011. He was unveiling new features that would let Facebook users share music, movies and TV shows through the social network's website.
David Paul Morris/Bloomberg/Getty Images
Students gather to listen as Zuckerberg speaks to reporters at Harvard University in November 2011. Zuckerberg was visiting Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to recruit students for Facebook.
Students gather to listen as Zuckerberg speaks to reporters at Harvard University in November 2011. Zuckerberg was visiting Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to recruit students for Facebook.
Brian Snyder/Reuters
Zuckerberg speaks to reporters during a visit to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in November 2011.
Zuckerberg speaks to reporters during a visit to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in November 2011.
Brian Snyder/Reuters
Zuckerberg is seen on a screen in New York moments after Facebook's IPO launch in May 2012.
Zuckerberg is seen on a screen in New York moments after Facebook's IPO launch in May 2012.
Shannon Stapleton/Reuters
Zuckerberg presents a T-shirt to Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev during a meeting outside Moscow in October 2012.
Zuckerberg presents a T-shirt to Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev during a meeting outside Moscow in October 2012.
Alexander Zemlianichenko/Pool/AFP/Getty Images
Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, arrive for a state dinner at the White House that was held in honor of Chinese leader Xi Jinping in 2015. Zuckerberg married Chan, his Harvard sweetheart, in 2012, and the couple have three children together.
Zuckerberg and his wife, Priscilla Chan, arrive for a state dinner at the White House that was held in honor of Chinese leader Xi Jinping in 2015. Zuckerberg married Chan, his Harvard sweetheart, in 2012, and the couple have three children together.
Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP
Pope Francis talks to Zuckerberg and Chan, who were visiting the Vatican in August 2016.
Pope Francis talks to Zuckerberg and Chan, who were visiting the Vatican in August 2016.
Vatican Media/Osservatore Romano/Handout/Reuters
Zuckerberg wears a virtual reality headset while speaking at an Oculus developers conference in San Jose, California, in October 2016.
Zuckerberg wears a virtual reality headset while speaking at an Oculus developers conference in San Jose, California, in October 2016.
Glenn Chapman/AFP/Getty Images
Zuckerberg greets graduating students before receiving an honorary degree at Harvard in 2017. Zuckerberg famously dropped out of Harvard to focus on building Facebook.
Zuckerberg greets graduating students before receiving an honorary degree at Harvard in 2017. Zuckerberg famously dropped out of Harvard to focus on building Facebook.
Brian Snyder/Reuters
Zuckerberg arrives to testify before a US Senate committee in 2018. Zuckerberg apologized to members of Congress for a <a href="https://money.cnn.com/2018/04/11/technology/mark-zuckerberg-congress/index.html" target="_blank">data scandal that had been engulfing the social network</a>, and he said Facebook could have done more to protect its users' privacy.
Zuckerberg arrives to testify before a US Senate committee in 2018. Zuckerberg apologized to members of Congress for a data scandal that had been engulfing the social network, and he said Facebook could have done more to protect its users' privacy.
Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Zuckerberg leaves a hotel in Dublin, Ireland, with Nick Clegg, Facebook's head of global affairs, in February 2019. Clegg, a former UK deputy prime minister, defended Facebook's decision not to take action against inflammatory posts by US President Donald Trump, arguing that "defending free expression is important." Trump was later banned for two years in the wake of the US Capitol attacks on January 6, 2021.
Zuckerberg leaves a hotel in Dublin, Ireland, with Nick Clegg, Facebook's head of global affairs, in February 2019. Clegg, a former UK deputy prime minister, defended Facebook's decision not to take action against inflammatory posts by US President Donald Trump, arguing that "defending free expression is important." Trump was later banned for two years in the wake of the US Capitol attacks on January 6, 2021.
Niall Carson/PA Wire/AP
Zuckerberg addresses an audience in October 2019 during a forum about free speech and combating hate speech and misinformation. The forum was hosted by Georgetown University in Washington, DC.
Zuckerberg addresses an audience in October 2019 during a forum about free speech and combating hate speech and misinformation. The forum was hosted by Georgetown University in Washington, DC.
Carlos Jasso/Reuters
Zuckerberg speaks at the F8 Developer Conference in April 2019.
Zuckerberg speaks at the F8 Developer Conference in April 2019.
Andrej Sokolow/dpa/picture alliance/Getty Images
Zuckerberg arrives to testify before a US House committee in 2019. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/23/tech/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-libra-hearing/" target="_blank">Zuckerberg conceded</a> that there was a scenario in which Facebook would have to rethink its involvement in its controversial cryptocurrency project, Libra.
Zuckerberg arrives to testify before a US House committee in 2019. Zuckerberg conceded that there was a scenario in which Facebook would have to rethink its involvement in its controversial cryptocurrency project, Libra.
Win McNamee/Getty Images
Zuckerberg speaks to a US House subcommittee via video conference in 2020. During a high-profile antitrust hearing, Zuckerberg and three other tech titans — Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, Apple CEO Tim Cook and Google CEO Sundar Pichai — <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/29/tech/tech-antitrust-hearing-ceos/index.html" target="_blank">were hit with tough questions and documents</a> that raised concerns about their competitive tactics.
Zuckerberg speaks to a US House subcommittee via video conference in 2020. During a high-profile antitrust hearing, Zuckerberg and three other tech titans — Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos, Apple CEO Tim Cook and Google CEO Sundar Pichai — were hit with tough questions and documents that raised concerns about their competitive tactics.
Graeme Jennings/Pool/Getty Images
Zuckerberg walks with Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg at a conference in Sun Valley, Idaho, in July 2021. Later that year, Facebook rebranded to Meta. The move was framed as reflecting the company's shifting focus to the so-called metaverse, a future version of the internet built on augmented and virtual reality experiences.
Zuckerberg walks with Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg at a conference in Sun Valley, Idaho, in July 2021. Later that year, Facebook rebranded to Meta. The move was framed as reflecting the company's shifting focus to the so-called metaverse, a future version of the internet built on augmented and virtual reality experiences.
Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images
Zuckerberg speaks during the virtual Meta Connect event in October 2022. Zuckerberg unveiled his company's newest virtual reality headset, the Meta Quest Pro.
Zuckerberg speaks during the virtual Meta Connect event in October 2022. Zuckerberg unveiled his company's newest virtual reality headset, the Meta Quest Pro.
Michael Nagle/Bloomberg/Getty Images
Zuckerberg leaves a federal courthouse in San Jose, California, in December 2022. He made a rare court appearance as the Federal Trade Commission tried to block his company's $400 million deal for the virtual reality startup Within.
Zuckerberg leaves a federal courthouse in San Jose, California, in December 2022. He made a rare court appearance as the Federal Trade Commission tried to block his company's $400 million deal for the virtual reality startup Within.
Jason Henry/The New York Times/Redux
During a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing in January 2024, Zuckerberg stands up to apologize to families who have seen harm come to their children because of social media. "I'm sorry for everything you have all been through," he said. "No one should go through the things that your families have suffered, and this is why we invest so much and we are going to continue doing industry-leading efforts to make sure no one has to go through the things your families have had to suffer." <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/31/tech/big-tech-executives-senate-hearing-teens/index.html" target="_blank">The contentious hearing</a> also included testimony from the CEOs of TikTok, Snap, Discord and X, formerly known as Twitter. They were grilled by senators about the risks their products pose to young people.
During a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing in January 2024, Zuckerberg stands up to apologize to families who have seen harm come to their children because of social media. "I'm sorry for everything you have all been through," he said. "No one should go through the things that your families have suffered, and this is why we invest so much and we are going to continue doing industry-leading efforts to make sure no one has to go through the things your families have had to suffer." The contentious hearing also included testimony from the CEOs of TikTok, Snap, Discord and X, formerly known as Twitter. They were grilled by senators about the risks their products pose to young people.
Haiyun Jiang/The Washington Post
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