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Drive like it’s 1885: Benz Patent-Motorwagen

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Old 12-12-22, 06:20 AM
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Hoovey689
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Default Drive like it’s 1885: Benz Patent-Motorwagen











IMMENDINGEN, Germany — Set your time machine to August 1888. It's hot, humid, and you're in a small German town enjoying a refreshing pint of hefeweizen when an unusual noise breaks the silence. It almost sounds like a train, but it can't be — there are no tracks for a train to travel on. The source of the cacophony appears halfway through your next sip: It's carriage-like, yet there's no horse pulling it and it's eerily moving under its own power.

Back to the present (you can bring the hefeweizen with you). It's hot, humid, and you're relaxing in a small German town. Suddenly you hear a car coming — who cares? Unless it's something really special, like a Glas 1300 GT, odds are you wouldn't pay attention to it. However, in 1888 you would have witnessed what's widely recognized as the first car take its first road trip with its inventor's wife at the ... well, not really at the wheel, because the steering wheel hadn't been invented yet, but at the little metal tiller used to turn the lone, bicycle-like front wheel.

Carl Benz built the Patent-Motorwagen in 1885 and received a patent for his invention, which he described as a "vehicle with gas engine operation," on January 29 of the following year. He essentially invented the car. Sure, someone else might have designed a vehicle with gas engine operation in 1882, and it may have worked wonderfully, but there's no trace of it. Benz applied for and received the patent for the car, and his wife, Bertha, embarked on the first road trip — a 112-mile trek from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back — with her kids two years after that.

Now it's my turn to take the Patent-Motorwagen for a spin over 130 years later at the Mercedes-Benz test track in Immendingen, Germany.

Smart but simple

One point worth clarifying is that this isn't the first car. It's one of the replicas built by Mercedes-Benz in the 2000s, so it's an exact copy of the original. It starts, accelerates, and brakes just like the real thing, and I'm told that the dimensions and the mechanical layout are identical. Carl Benz restored the original Patent-Motorwagen in 1906 and donated it to the Deutsche Museum in Munich. It's still there today.

At first glance, there wasn't much going on in the design department (in that there literally wasn't one). From every angle the Patent-Motorwagen resembles an old car, one that perfectly embodies the "form follows function" philosophy. And yet, it's a fascinating object to look at. It's motorcycle-like in its simplicity and openness. There's no body, it's pretty much an engine and a bench-like seat dropped on a steel frame, so the mechanical components are clearly visible. That's its beauty: It's a mechanical type of seduction that began vanishing from the automotive industry many decades ago.

There's not much of an interior, either. Before you sit in (on?) the Patent-Motorwagen, let alone take it for a spin, it's interesting to notice how little it shares with the commonly accepted definition of a modern car. If it rains, you're wet. If you've got a suitcase to take with you, tough luck. If you want to know how fast you're going, take a guess. Relax: It's not like there were speed limits to respect in those days. The only comfort-related equipment is a bench seat with padded armrests, a short padded backrest, and springs to keep your spine in one piece.

Even if speed limits were strictly enforced, speeding is the least of your worries in the Patent-Motorwagen. Power comes from a single-cylinder, 1.0-liter engine that develops about 0.75 horsepower at around 400 rpm and unlocks a top speed of roughly 10 mph. You'd have gone faster on a horse, though a slower trip was a fair tradeoff for not traveling accompanied by the smell of manure. Mounted horizontally over the rear axle, the engine spins the rear wheels via a differential, a leather belt, and a series of metal chains. It runs on petroleum-based ligroin instead of gasoline, and it features an open cooling system without a water pump, an open crankcase and a massive flywheel.

Where to start?

It's nearly impossible to start the Patent-Motorwagen if you haven't seen it done before; you wouldn't know where to start (excuse the low-hanging pun). Remember, the 1.0-liter has an open crankcase, which means the crankshaft is casually hanging out the bottom end and it must be manually lubricated. In contrast, your car's engine features a closed crankcase so the oil circuit keeps the crankshaft (and many other parts) lubricated. If you crawl under your car and come face-to-face with the crankshaft, you have a very big problem to deal with.

With this in mind, the first step is to ensure that several points (including the crankshaft and connecting rod bearings) are properly lubricated. Next, manually bring fuel into the carburetor; a small glass cylinder on top of the carburetor allows you to check the fuel level, though it's not easy to see and you may need to shake the car a few times to get an accurate reading. Next on your to-do list is to verify the water level and top it off if needed. Finally you turn on the ignition switch, set the air-fuel mixture, give the flywheel a couple of swings to prime the engine, and use every muscle in the arm of your choice to spin it. The engine comes to life with a chuff-chuff-chuff that gradually gets faster. You're not done yet: The final step is to adjust the air-fuel mixture so that the massive piston settles into a nice, even idle. Hop on, and you're off.

Sitting on what feels like a fancy piece of patio furniture, with the Patent-Motorwagen shaking like an unbalanced washing machine under you, is rather intimidating until you realize a child could drive this rudimentary three-wheeler. Beyond the tiller, which is surprisingly light once the car gets moving, the only control is a lever that pokes out from the left side. It's linked to a spring-loaded rod that shifts a leather belt between the idler drum and the drive drum. Pull it back to brake, leave it somewhere in the middle (at about 90 degrees with the ground) to engage neutral, and push it forward to move forward. That's really all there is to it; there are no gears to shift and no pedals to stomp on.

Driving the Patent-Motorwagen in a straight line, on flat ground, and with no obstacles is like the first level in a Mario game: Do it once to get the basics down and you can do it blindfolded. With a top speed on par with a high-end riding lawn mower's, the odds of getting into trouble are mercifully low. Braking is approximate at best, it takes a few tries to learn the lever's response, but turning is a different story. The three-wheel layout is unstable by nature, the tires are thinner than a mountain bike's, and the Patent-Motorwagen is top-heavy; it has more ground clearance than a Ford Bronco. Braking before a turn initially requires a stunning amount of concentration and just as much dexterity, but you get used to the handling eccentricities after a few minutes behind the tiller. It's more enjoyable to drive than you might assume.

The past's future

As primitive as it looks, sounds, and feels, Carl Benz's Patent-Motorwagen was the future of mobility in the 1880s, and its significance can't be overstated. If you're reading this, there's a strong chance you like cars. Whether you're hoarding BMW E30s, restoring a 1970 Ford Mustang to showroom condition, saving up for a Jeep Wrangler to explore Utah in, or trying to squeeze 1,000 horsepower out of a Toyota Supra's twin-turbocharged 2JZ-GTE, you've got this old thing to thank for your obsession. Even if you don't like cars, you've got the Patent-Motorwagen to thank for not having to ride a horse to work when it's 28 degrees outside. It's humble and simple, but it changed the world.

Did the folks caught off-guard by the sight of Bertha Benz road-tripping in the Patent-Motorwagen realize the historical significance of what they were witnessing? I doubt it. It's something to keep in mind as we get deeper into the 2020s. The phrase "the future of mobility" gets thrown around like confetti at Mardi Gras, but it's nebulous — its definition ultimately depends on who you ask, where they live, and what they've got in the game. Benz's Patent-Motorwagen reminds us that all it takes is one clever, well-timed invention to shape the future.
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Old 12-13-22, 08:37 PM
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Originally Posted by Hoovey689
It's nearly impossible to start the Patent-Motorwagen if you haven't seen it done before; you wouldn't know where to start (excuse the low-hanging pun). Remember, the 1.0-liter has an open crankcase, which means the crankshaft is casually hanging out the bottom end and it must be manually lubricated. In contrast, your car's engine features a closed crankcase so the oil circuit keeps the crankshaft (and many other parts) lubricated. If you crawl under your car and come face-to-face with the crankshaft, you have a very big problem to deal with.

With this in mind, the first step is to ensure that several points (including the crankshaft and connecting rod bearings) are properly lubricated. Next, manually bring fuel into the carburetor; a small glass cylinder on top of the carburetor allows you to check the fuel level, though it's not easy to see and you may need to shake the car a few times to get an accurate reading. Next on your to-do list is to verify the water level and top it off if needed. Finally you turn on the ignition switch, set the air-fuel mixture, give the flywheel a couple of swings to prime the engine, and use every muscle in the arm of your choice to spin it. The engine comes to life with a chuff-chuff-chuff that gradually gets faster. You're not done yet: The final step is to adjust the air-fuel mixture so that the massive piston settles into a nice, even idle. Hop on, and you're off.
Hi hoovey689, what an incredible piece of history.
I always enjoy reading your threads.

This sounds like a lot of work for 10 mph but for someone who lives in the city it was probably a lifesaver.
It would be a whole lot more work caring for a horse than this car. IMO
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Old 12-14-22, 09:21 AM
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It's pretty amazing how far we've come
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Old 12-16-22, 10:24 AM
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Always good to look back at breakthrough machines like these. Simply ahead of it time.
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Old 12-16-22, 10:59 AM
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From wiki

“On 5 August 1888, 39-year-old Bertha Benz drove from Mannheim to Pforzheimwith her sons Richard and Eugen, thirteen and fifteen years old respectively, in a Model III, without telling her husband and without permission of the authorities, thus becoming the first person to drive an automobile a significant distance.[1] Before this historic trip, motorized drives were merely very short trials, returning to the point of origin, made with assistance of mechanics. Following wagon tracks, this pioneering tour covered a one-way distance of about 106 km (66 mi).[10][11]

Although the ostensible purpose of the trip was to visit her mother, Bertha Benz had other motives — to prove to her husband, who had failed to adequately consider marketing his invention, that the automobile in which they both had heavily invested would become a financial success once it was shown to be useful to the general public; and to give her husband the confidence that his constructions had a future.[12]

She left Mannheim around dawn, solving numerous problems along the way.[13]Bertha demonstrated her significant technical capabilities on this journey.[14]With no fuel tank and only a 4.5-litre supply of petrol in the carburetor, she had to find ligroin, the petroleum solvent needed for the car to run. The solvent was only available at apothecary shops, so she stopped in Wiesloch at the city pharmacyto purchase the fuel.[9] At the time, petrol and other fuels could only be bought from chemists [pharmacists in US English], and so this is how the chemist in Wiesloch became the first fuel station in the world.[14]

She cleaned a blocked fuel line with her hat pin and used her garter as insulation material.[14][15] A blacksmith had to help mend a chain at one point. When the wooden brakes began to fail, Benz visited a cobbler to install leather, making the world's first pair of brake linings. An evaporative cooling system was employed to cool the engine, making water supply a big worry along the trip.[16] The trio added water to their supply every time they stopped.[9] The car's two gears were not enough to surmount uphill inclines and Eugen and Richard often had to push the vehicle up steep roads.[9] Benz reached Pforzheim somewhat after dusk, notifying her husband of her successful journey by telegram. She drove back to Mannheim several days later.[citation needed]

The novel trip received a great deal of publicity, as she had sought. The drive was a key event in the technical development of the automobile. The pioneering couple introduced several improvements after Bertha's experiences. She reported everything that had happened along the way and made important suggestions, such as the introduction of an additional gear for climbing hills and brake linings to improve brake-power. Her trip demonstrated to the burgeoning automotive industry that test drives were essential to their business.[4][9]
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Old 12-16-22, 02:58 PM
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In those days, cars were known as "Horseless Carriages".........and the images show why.
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Old 12-16-22, 03:07 PM
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Very interesting, thanks for the read!
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Old 12-16-22, 09:51 PM
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Awesome history detail on the back story from 703, had no idea.

Took a few years but add a trunk and a "glove box" and I can see many people giving up the horse.

Back when a trunk was a literal trunk.



Box for gloves, still cracks me up we still call it a glove box.



I might have to see if there is a picture book of the models for Mercedes Benz from this car forward. I'd like to have one.
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Old 12-17-22, 02:08 AM
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Originally Posted by Margate330
Awesome history detail on the back story from 703, had no idea.
She was an amazing woman. Here’s what it was like in reality. 5 min film with a budget of $800k

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