HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE.pptx
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The development of the automobile began in the late 17th century. Steam power was an early attempt at portable power but internal combustion engines eventually proved more practical. The first internal combustion engine automobile was built in 1885 by Karl Benz. Henry Ford's assembly line techniques helped the Model T become the first affordable automobile for mass consumption in the early 20th century. Modern features like power steering, air conditioning, and electronics have since been incorporated to enhance comfort, safety and navigation.
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HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE.pptx
- 2. You must have heard the word Automobile. Meaning of an automobile can, be auto car, motor car or car. It is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting goods or passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. The word automobile comes from the Ancient Greek word (autos, "self") and the Latin mobilis ("movable"); therefore automobile means a vehicle that moves itself
- 3. Development of the automobile started in 1672 with the invention of the first steam-powered vehicle, which led to the creation of the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation, built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot in 1769.Inventors began to branch out at the start of the 19th century, creating the de Rivas engine, one of the first internal combustion engines, and an early electric motor. Samuel Brown later tested the first industrially applied internal combustion engine in 1826. The Ford Model and Volkswagen Beetle are among the most mass-produced car models in history.Development was hindered in the mid-19th century by a backlash against large vehicles, yet progress continued on some internal combustion engines. The engine evolved as engineers created two- and four-cycle combustion engines and began using gasoline as fuel. Production vehicles began appearing in 1887, when Carl Benz developed a gasoline-powered automobile and made several identical copies.Recent automobile production is marked by the Ford Model T, created
- 4. NOW WE WILL UNDERSTAND IN DETAILS Stages of developments in AUTOMOBILE fuel sources Steam Engine Electric engine Internal Combustion Engine
- 5. POWER SOURCE The early history of the automobile was concentrated on the search for a reliable portable power unit to propel the vehicle. STEAM POWERED VEHICLE Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built a steam-powered vehicle around 1672 as a toy for the Kangxi Emperor. It was small- scale and could not carry a driver but it was, quite possibly, the first working steam-powered vehicle ('auto-mobile').
- 6. Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles large enough to transport people and cargo were first devised in the late 18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his fardier à vapeur ("steam dray"), an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770 and 1771. The center of innovation shifted to Great Britain. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth and in 1801 Richard Trevithick was running a full-sized vehicle on the roads in Camborne. 17th and 18th centuries
- 7. 19th century During the 19th century, attempts were made to introduce practical steam-powered vehicles. Innovations such as hand brakes, multispeed transmissions and better steering developed. Some commercially successful vehicles provided mass transit until a backlash against these large vehicles resulted in the passage of legislation such as the UK Locomotive Act (1865), which required many self-propelled vehicles on public roads to be preceded by a man on foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn. This effectively halted road auto development in the UK
- 8. In 1816, a professor at Prague Polytechnic, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car.Walter Hancock, builder and operator of London steam busses, in 1838 built a two-seated car phaetonOne of the first "real" automobiles was produced in 1873 by Frenchman Amédée Bollée in Le Mans, who built self-propelled steam road vehicles to transport groups of passengers.The first automobile suitable for use on existing wagon roads in the US was a steam-powered vehicle invented in 1871 by Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin. It induced the state of Wisconsin in 1875 to offer a US$10,000 (equivalent to $246,758 in 2021) award to the first to produce a practical substitute for the use of horses and other animals. They stipulated that the vehicle would have to maintain an average speed of more than 8 km/h (5 mph) over a 320 km (200 mi) course. The offer led to the first city to city automobile race in the US, starting on 16 July 1878 in Green Bay,. While seven vehicles were registered, only two started to compete: the entries from Green Bay and Oshkosh. The vehicle from Green Bay was faster but broke down before completing the race. The Oshkosh finished the 323 km (201 mi) course in 33 hours and 27 minutes and posted an average speed of 9.7 km/h (6 mph). In 1879, the legislature awarded half the prize
- 9. 20th century Steam-powered road vehicles, both cars and wagons, reached the peak of their development in the early 1930s with fast- steaming lightweight boilers and efficient engine designs. Internal combustion engines also developed greatly during World War I, becoming simpler to operate and more reliable. The development of the high-speed diesel engine from 1930 began to replace them for wagons.No significant developments in the production of steam cars took place after Doble in 1931.
- 10. Electric automobiles Electric cars enjoyed popularity between the late 19th century and early 20th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for automobile propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. Advances in internal combustion technology, especially the electric starter, soon rendered this advantage moot; the greater range of gasoline cars, quicker refueling times, and growing petroleum infrastructure, along with the mass production of gasoline vehicles by companies such as the Ford Motor Company, which reduced prices of gasoline cars to less than half that of equivalent electric cars, led to a decline in the use of electric propulsion, effectively removing it from important markets such as the US by the 1930s
- 11. Internal combustion engines Gas mixtures The lack of suitable fuels, particularly liquids, hampered early attempts at making and using internal combustion engines therefore some of the earliest engines used gas mixtures. Several early experimenters used gases. In 1806, the Swiss engineer François Isaac de Rivaz built an engine powered by internal combustion of a hydrogen and oxygen mixture.
- 12. GASOLINE Nicolaus Otto and Eugen Langen had built a working engine in 1867. About 1870, in Vienna, Austria (then the Austro- Hungarian Empire), inventor Siegfried Marcus put a liquid-fueled internal combustion engine on a simple handcart which made him the first man to propel a vehicle by means of gasoline. Today, this is known as "the first Marcus car" but would be better described as a cart. In 1883, Marcus secured a German patent for a low- voltage ignition systemSeveral inventors developed their own version of practical automobiles with petrol/gasoline-powered internal combustion engines in the last two
- 13. Karl Friedrich Benz, was a German engine designer and automotive engineer. His Benz Patent Motorcar from 1885 is considered the first practical automobile and first car put into series production.He received a patent for the motorcar in 1886.The world's first ever long distance automobile trip was undertaken by Bertha Benz using a Model 3. On the morning of 5 August 1888 Bertha – supposedly without the knowledge of her husband – took the vehicle on a 104 km trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim to visit her mother, In addition she repaired various technical and mechanical problems. One of these included the invention of brake lining; after some longer downhill slopes she ordered a shoemaker to nail leather onto the brake blocks. Bertha finally arrived at nightfall, announcing the achievement to Karl by telegram. It had been her intention to demonstrate the feasibility of using the
- 14. POWER STEARING The first power-steering system fitted to a production car debuted in the 1951 Chrysler Imperial, and the competition quickly followed suit. Not only did power steering do the obvious—allow the driver to steer a heavy vehicle with much less effort and greater comfort—but it also allowed engineers to improve steering response, which is how quickly the car changes direction when the driver turns the wheel. A car without power steering is a significantly rare thing, but there is one out there: the Alfa Romeo 4C
- 15. Headlights are an essential part of today's vehicles - most of us couldn't imagine driving around without them. But, when was the headlight invented. The first headlights were invented in the 1880s, around the time the automobile was invented. However, headlights were far from standard in these early vehicles. Without the power of electricity, it was nearly impossible to build a headlight that worked. The very first headlights were acetylene lamps. These contained a small flame, which could withstand some wind and rain. Electric headlights were first developed in 1898,In 1900s that electric headlights became more mainstream.Cadillac created cars with the first modern electric system, including electric headlights. In 1913
- 16. The first prototype was attributed by Karl Benz. Wilhelm Maybach designed the first honeycomb radiator for the Mercedes 35hp which was the very first successful vehicle with a cooling system.In 1941, 300 Cadilacs were manufactured with an air conditioning system.Chrysler also produces some of the cars that year with air- conditioning system.In 1948 the Automotive Refrigerated Air Conditioning(ARA) Company was first to offer aftermarket automotive air-conditioning systems.By the mid-1950s there were more than fifteen companies offering air-conditioning system in kit form. The 1940 Packard was the first car to offer factory-installed air- conditioning. By 1969, more than half of all new cars sold were equipped with A/C
- 17. DIFFERENTIA L The conventional automobile differential was invented in 1827 by a Frenchman, Onésiph ore Pecqueur. It was used first on steam- driven vehicles and was a well-known device when internal-combustion engines appeared at the end of the 19th century.
- 18. In 1924, Kelly's Motors in NSW, Australia, installed its first car radio. In 1930, the American Galvin Manufacturing Corporation marketed a Motorola branded radio receiver for $130. It was expensive: the contemporary Ford Model A cost $540. It was first developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973 for use by the United States military, though an early satellite-based system called TRANSIT had been in use as early as 19601981: Honda's Electro Gyrocator was the first commercially available car navigation system. It used inertial navigation systems, which tracked the distance traveled, the start point, and direction headed. It was also the first with a map display. 1981: Navigation computer on the Toyota Celica (NAVICOM).
- 19. Name:- Alok kumar Vaidya Class:-9 F Roll no:-07